机器如何不像人那样认知

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Title:

How machine cognition does not like human’s

作者:

李德毅

军事科学院 系统工程研究院, 北京 100091

Author(s):

LI Deyi

Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100091, China

关键词:

重启; 激活; 思维软构体; 认知物理学; 认知互补; 迭代的智能

Keywords:

re-start; activation; soft-structured wares of thought; cognitive physics; cognitive complementarity; iterative intelligence

分类号:

TP18

DOI:

10.11992/tis.202509006

摘要:

机器如何像人一样认知？又如何不像人那样认知？这是当今人工智能学者必须回答的问题。我们要研发的是受脑科学启发的认知机器，它是物质的、机械的、电子的物理装置，不是类似生物神经元组织的虚拟细胞，并不构成人工生命。生命不能重来，机器则可以重启；机器没有意识但可拥有智能，记忆可以保留而不被遗忘；机器可以暴力思维，物质硬构体很难约束思维软构体想象的范围和内容；机器里的物质硬构体没有新陈代谢，但智能可以不受人具身的生理局限。这些都大大丰富了认知机器的功能和性能，以替代越来越多的人类社会劳动岗位；机器越来越像人，甚至在一些方面远超人。但是，人不能越来越像机器，人更要有新的创造。未来社会，人和机器的认知互补迭代，高效协同，非常重要。机器越智能，人类越智慧；人类智慧引领着机器智能。

Abstract:

How can machine cognition like human’s, and how it does not like human’s? These are questions that current artificial intelligence researchers have to answer. We are developing cognitive machines inspired by the brain science. They are material, mechanical and electronic physical devices, not virtual cells like biological neurons, and they do not constitute artificial life. Life cannot be restarted, but machines can; machines lack consciousness but can possess intelligence, memories can be preserved and not forgotten; machines can think arbitrarily, while hard-structured wares of matter, struggle to constrain the scope and content of the imagination of soft-structured wares of thought; and machine embodied intelligence is free from the limitations of human physiology. All of these factors have greatly enriched the functions and capabilities of cognitive machines, enabling them to replace an increasing number of human jobs. Machines are becoming increasingly human-like, even surpassing humans in some aspects. However, humans may not become more like machines; they may also be innovative. In the future, complementary iteration and efficient collaboration between the cognition of human and machine will be crucial. The smarter the machines, the wiser the humans; and human wisdom will guide machine intelligence.